PREFINAL Osce and Learning points
Blog link : https://divyasreevanka.blogspot.com/2023/12/60-year-old-female-with-ckd-on.html OSCE QUESTIONS : 1) Causes of left heart failure Common causes are : Acute MI especially if involves left ventricle, chronic hypertension, dysrhythmias especially tachydysrrthithmias 2) Side effects of furosemide https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499921/#:~:text=Intravenous%20furosemide%20is%20twice%20as,torsemide%20%3D%201%20mg%20of%20bumetanide 3) preload and afterload Preload : Preload is volume of blood received by the heart. Basically preload is stretch.It is the ventricular stretch at the end of diastole. Occurrence : during diastole Depends on : The amount of ventricular filling. Preload is a volume. Affecting factors : venous blood pressure and the rate of venous return. Afterload : Afterload is the pressure that the Chambers of the heart must generate in order to eject blood out of heart. Occurrence : during systole Depends on :The arterial blood pres