PREFINAL Osce and Learning points

Blog link : 

 https://divyasreevanka.blogspot.com/2023/12/60-year-old-female-with-ckd-on.html

OSCE QUESTIONS :

1) Causes of left heart failure 

Common causes are : Acute MI especially if involves  left ventricle, chronic hypertension, dysrhythmias especially tachydysrrthithmias 

                      

2) Side effects of furosemide

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499921/#:~:text=Intravenous%20furosemide%20is%20twice%20as,torsemide%20%3D%201%20mg%20of%20bumetanide

3) preload and afterload

Preload :

Preload is volume of blood received by the heart. Basically preload is stretch.It is the ventricular stretch at the end of diastole. Occurrence : during diastole Depends on : The amount of ventricular filling. Preload is a volume. Affecting factors : venous blood pressure and the rate of  venous return. 

Afterload :

 Afterload is the pressure that the Chambers of the heart must generate in order to eject blood out of heart. Occurrence : during systole Depends on :The arterial blood pressure and vascular tone. Afterload is a pressure. Affecting factors : systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance

Learning points :

I have learnt the importance of a detailed personal history to come to the final diagnosis

learnt about  normal jvp and abnormalities of wave patterns of jvp